
__________
a lawrel, though a story on its own,
has repercussions, which flow into
the introduction of Ovid‘s following
essentially unrelated
An ancient forest in Thessalia grows;
Ancient Greece
Which Tempe’s pleasing valley does inclose:
Tempe, a valley, or vale, in Greece,
mythological history
Through this the rapid Peneus take his course;
you’ll note that Peneus is given
a plural conjugation here, take
instead of takes in the singular,
unless this is a typo, otherwise
we have a metonym at work, a
part signifying the whole, the
whole in this instance meaning
the collection of rivers of which
From Pindus rolling with impetuous force;
Pindus, a mountain range in
northern Greece named after
its highest peak
Mists from the river’s mighty fall arise:
the river, one of Peneus‘ mighty
torrents, cascading down the
mountain, the Pindus, creating,
along the way, [m]ists
And deadly damps inclose the cloudy skies:
Perpetual fogs are hanging o’er the wood;
And sounds of waters deaf the neighbourhood.
deaf, used as a verb here, means
to deafen, to prevent sounds from
being heard
Deep, in a rocky cave, he makes abode
he, Peneus, the river god
(A mansion proper for a mourning God).
mourning God, Peneus, who’s just
lost Daphne, his daughter
Here he gives audience; issuing out decrees
To rivers, his dependant deities.
On this occasion hither they resort;
To pay their homage, and to make their court.
to make their court, [t]o pay … homage,
to attend to, their sovereign, Peneus
All doubtful, whether to congratulate
His daughter’s honour, or lament her fate.
His daughter’s honour, Daphne has
been deemed the symbolic mistress
of champions, to compensate for her
irreversible, and lament[able],
Sperchaeus, crown’d with poplar, first appears;
Then old Apidanus came crown’d with years:
Enipeus turbulent, Amphrysos tame;
And Aeas last with lagging waters came.
and Aeas, are all river gods, if not all
actual rivers
Then, of his kindred brooks, a num’rous throng
Condole his loss; and bring their urns along.
kindred brooks, smaller tributaries,
Not one was wanting of the wat’ry train,
That fill’d his flood, or mingled with the main:
all the waterways, the wat’ry flows,
train, were in attendance
But Inachus, who in his cave, alone,
Inachus, a personification of the
Wept not another’s losses, but his own,
For his dear Io, whether stray’d, or dead,
Io, nymph, a nature spirit, daughter
To him uncertain, doubtful tears he shed.
He sought her through the world; but sought in vain;
And no where finding, rather fear’d her slain.
a tragedy in the making
to be continued
R ! chard