Piano Concerto no 4, Opus 58 – Beethoven



“The Minuet“ (1866)
_________
having pointed out that the minuet
and the waltz were historically
related, let me somewhat
extrapolate
they are both in 3/4 time, which is
to say, three quarter-notes to the
bar, which means that when
you’re dancing, your beat is one,
two, three, one two three, with
the accent, usually, on the first
note
so what happened, how could two
identical frameworks turn out so
differently
here’s Bach, 1725, his Minuet in G
the first thing you’ll think is, o, so
that’s what that is, it is an iconic
number written on our collective
consciousness
the second thing you’ll notice is
that it is choppy, however delightful,
that it is written for a harpsichord,
and that it’s probably not ready,
despite it’s 3/4 time, to be a waltz,
too many curtsies
here’s Mozart, 1762, his Minuet in G
though you might not want to admit
it, I suspect this number is much
more present in your subconscious
than you’d think, see if you don’t
find yourself later on humming it
but it’s still way too polite to be a
waltz, you can easily imagine the
partners, hands held high together
around their imaginary maypole,
courting, but there’s a touch more
fluidity in the progression of the
notes, it is written for a fortepiano,
an instrument that has added the
hold, or the sustain, pedal to the
harpsichord to increase a note’s
resonance, a loosening of the
earlier constraints of that
quintessentially Baroque
instrument, a cannily apt
metaphor, take into account, for
the unfolding cultural r/evolution
here’s Beethoven, 1796, his Minuet
in G, you’ve heard this one too
the Revolution has taken place,
but entrenched in the music of an
earlier era, the beat remains the
same, this is not a waltz, despite
it’s 3/4 progression
you’ll note, however, more spin
to the cadences, more give, more
elasticity, much of this has to do
with the development of the
central instrument, which was
about to become a pianoforte,
instead of a fortepiano, but
‘nough said about that, I’ll let
you feel it
here’s Chopin, 1833, his Grande
valse brillante, Opus 18, written
for itself, the piano, it is indeed
a waltz, the difference is in the
piano’s ever evolving flexibility,
again a metaphorical expression
of, or an avatar for, the unleashing
of personal freedom, an idea spun
ineradicably from the lessons of
the French, and the, incidentally,
nearly simultaneous, 1776, 1789,
American Revolutions
for better or for worse
R ! chard

“Queen Marie Antoinette of France“ (1783)
Louise Elisabeth Vigee Le Brun
______________
if Mozart’s 19th String Quartet, the last of
his Haydn Quartets, the six he indeed
dedicated to Haydn, sounds less
deferential than one would have thought
for the period, it should be remembered
that the American Revolution had just
taken place, in 1776, the French one was
about to, in 1789, and even the more
aristocratic houses in Europe would not
have been unaffected, Mozart was young,
29, and astir with confidence and bravura,
it was 1785
Haydn had had his moment earlier, his
Opus 20, which went on to revolutionize
music if not countries, but had retreated
to a less emboldened political stance
as he grew older, while concentrating
rather on his more important muse, and
refining his ear for precise, pure music,
which is to say devoid of any but polite
sentiments, delight and lyrical
melancholy only
in Mozart’s 19th String Quartet, even the
minuet is peremptory, not something
you’d especially want to dance to,
however musically accomplished
he starts the first movement with, of all
things, an adagio, however briefly, which
could’ve been disastrous, you need to
know what you’re doing when you open
with a lament
incidentally, all the instruments in the
opening adagio are playing in different
keys, resolved when the allegro kicks
in, this is why it’s called “Dissonance”,
something in and of itself of a
rebellious act
the 19th is also twice the length of
Haydn’s nearest earlier one, his Opus 42,
expansive rather than terse, for whatever
that might mean, the point is to keep us
throughout interested, which he does,
they do
Mozart is prefiguring here, incidentally,
Beethoven, with his audacity, his
sense of an ideological mission, and
he’s mightily impressive
R ! chard